HY-18739-1mg | Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [16561-29-8] Clinisciences

Description

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a phorbol ester, is a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator^[1]^[2]. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a NF-κB activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces differentiation in THP-1 cells^[3]^[7].

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[7]

PKC

11.7 nM (EC₅₀)

NF-κB

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
MT4	EC₅₀	0.7 nM Compound: 13	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25970561]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.9 nM Compound: 13	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 25970561]
SNU-387	IC₅₀	> 10 μM Compound: 10	Cytotoxicity against human SNU387 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SNU387 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23701597]
U-937	EC₅₀	0.45 nM Compound: PMA	Induction of attachment of U937 cells after 48 hrs Induction of attachment of U937 cells after 48 hrs	[PMID: 17284021]
Vero	EC₅₀	> 162 μM Compound: 4, TPA	Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 23215460]
Vero	EC₅₀	0.0029 μM Compound: 4, TPA	Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus 899 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus 899 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 23215460]
Vero	EC₅₀	2.2 μM Compound: 4, TPA	Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus HRsp infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus HRsp infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 23215460]
Vero	EC₅₀	2.9 nM Compound: 13	Antiviral activity against chikungunya virus Indian ocean strain 899 infected in Vero cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect after 6 to 7 days Antiviral activity against chikungunya virus Indian ocean strain 899 infected in Vero cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect after 6 to 7 days	[PMID: 25970561]
Vero	CC₅₀	5.7 μM Compound: 4, TPA	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay	[PMID: 23215460]
Vero	CC₅₀	5.7 μM Compound: TPA	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as morphological changes by microscopic method Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as morphological changes by microscopic method	[PMID: 28925702]

In Vitro

PMA (100, 200 ng/mL; 1-5 days) induce THP-1 cells to differentiate into macrophage-like cells (THP-1 macrophages), characterized by changes in morphology (adherent macrophage-like phenotype), and increases cell surface expression of CD11b^[3]^[5].
PMA (20 ng/mL, 36 h) inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1^[8].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) can be used to create models of ear edema and paw edema^[8]^[9].

1. Induction of oedema at ear^[8]

Background

PMA induces a pronounced inflammatory response mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), specifically activating PLA2 to trigger inflammation.

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Mice: Swiss mouse • Female • 25-30 g
Administration: Topically applied in one ear • 100 μg/mL in 20 μL (2 μg/ear) vehicle • single dose

Note

Modeling Indicators

Appearance monitoring: The thickness difference between the left and right ears increases significantly.
Indicator changes: Increased vascular permeability.

Correlated Product(s): /

Opposite Product(s): Hydroxyachillin; Indomethacin (HY-14397)

2. Induction of oedema at feet^[9]

Background

PMA induces a pronounced inflammatory response mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), specifically activating PLA2 to trigger inflammation.

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Rat: Wistar • male • adult with weight of 200-220 g
Mice: Swiss albino • male • 25-30 g
Administration: Topically applied in one ear • 2.5 μg in 20 μL vehicle • single dose

Note

Administration should be conducted 4 h before mouse were killed.

Modeling Indicators

Appearance monitoring: The quality difference between the left and right ears increases significantly.
Indicator changes: Stimulate macrophages to produce superoxide anions.

Correlated Product(s): Carrageenan (HY-125474); Histamine (HY-B1204); Serotonin (HY-B1473A); Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (HY-101952)

Opposite Product(s): /

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Masse moléculaire

616.83

Formule

C₃₆H₅₆O₈

CAS No.

16561-29-8

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O[C@H]([C@H]1C)[C@]2(OC(C)=O)[C@@]([C@@](C=C(CO)C[C@]34O)(20)[C@@]1(O)[C@]4(20)C=C(C)C3=O)(20)C2(C)C)=O

Structure Classification

Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids

Initial Source

Plants
Euphorbiaceae
Croton tiglium Linn.

Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

-20°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (162.12 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (162.12 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	1.6212 mL	8.1060 mL	16.2119 mL
5 mM	0.3242 mL	1.6212 mL	3.2424 mL
10 mM	0.1621 mL	0.8106 mL	1.6212 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Calculateur de molarité
Calculateur de dilution

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.
Protocol 4

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 5

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 6

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Pureté et documentation

Purity: 99.80%

Select Batch:

SDS (746 KB)

COA (247 KB) HNMR (164 KB) RP-HPLC (163 KB) LCMS (385 KB)

Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Sergio E. Alvarez, et al. Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate. TRENDS in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol.18 No.8

[2]. Zhang T, et al. MPTP-Induced Depletion in Basolateral Amygdala via Decrease of D2R Activation Suppresses GABAA Receptors Expression and LTD Induction Leading to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247. [Content Brief]

[3]. Schwende H, et al. Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59(4):555-561. [Content Brief]

[4]. Mugami S, et al. Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) and Ca2+ in GnRH and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in immortalized gonadotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:141-154. [Content Brief]

[5]. Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193601. Published 2018 Mar 14. [Content Brief]

[6]. Hou S, et al. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 5;17(5). pii: E679. [Content Brief]

[7]. Heng-Ching Wen, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8(1):16247. [Content Brief]

Test cellulaire ^[2]	αT3-1 and LβT-2 cells are grown in monolayer cultured in DMEM in humidified incubator 5% CO₂ at 37°C. Serum starvation is with 0.1% FCS in the same medium for 16 h. GnRH and PMA are then added for the length of time as indicated. In general, αT3-1 cells are transiently transfected by ExGen 500 or by jetPRIME, while LβT2 cells only by jetPRIME transfection reagent. For experiments with dominant-negative (DN) PKCs, αT3-1 cells (in 6 cm plates) are transfected with 1.5 μg of p38α-GFP with 3 μg of control vector, pCDNA3, or with 3 μg of the DN-PKCs constructs. For LβT2 cells, transfections are performed (in 10 cm plates) with 4 μg of p38α-GFP along with 9 μg of control vector, pCDNA3, or with 9 μg of the DN-PKCs constructs. Approximately 30 h after transfection, the cells are serum starved (0.1% FCS) for 16 h and later stimulated with GnRH or PMA, washed twice with ice-cold PBS, treated with the lysis buffer, followed by one freeze-thaw cycle. Cells are harvested; following centrifugation (15,000×g, 15 min, 4°C) supernatants are taken for immunoprecipitation experiments^[2]. MCE n'a pas confirmé de manière indépendante l'exactitude de ces méthodes. Ils sont pour référence seulement.
Administration animale ^[3]	Rats^[3] All experiments qre performed with male Wistar rats (weighing 250-280 g). One hundred and thirty-five Wistar rats are randomly divided into seven groups. (1) Rats in the sham group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 0.9% normal saline; (2) Rats in the IR group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 0.9% normal saline 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO); (3) Rats in the Carbenoxolone (CBX) group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of CBX (5 μg/mL×10 μL) 30 min before MCAO; (4) Rats in the Sch-6783 group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of DZX (2 mM×30 μL) 30 min prior to MCAO; (5) Rats in the 5-HD group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 5-HD (100 mM×10 μL), and after 10 min, DZX is injected 15 min prior to MCAO; (6) The rats in the DZX + Ro group (n=15) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of DZX, and after 10 min, Ro-31-8425 (400 μg/kg) is injected 15 min prior to MCAO; (7) The rats in the 5-HD+PMA group (n=15) are given an intraperitoneal injection of PMA (200 μg/kg) after the injection of 5-HD and DZX. MCE n'a pas confirmé de manière indépendante l'exactitude de ces méthodes. Ils sont pour référence seulement.
Références	[1]. Sergio E. Alvarez, et al. Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate. TRENDS in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol.18 No.8 [2]. Zhang T, et al. MPTP-Induced Depletion in Basolateral Amygdala via Decrease of D2R Activation Suppresses GABAA Receptors Expression and LTD Induction Leading to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247. [Content Brief] [3]. Schwende H, et al. Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59(4):555-561. [Content Brief] [4]. Mugami S, et al. Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) and Ca2+ in GnRH and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in immortalized gonadotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:141-154. [Content Brief] [5]. Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193601. Published 2018 Mar 14. [Content Brief] [6]. Hou S, et al. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 5;17(5). pii: E679. [Content Brief] [7]. Heng-Ching Wen, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8(1):16247. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO / Ethanol	1 mM	1.6212 mL	8.1060 mL	16.2119 mL	40.5298 mL
	5 mM	0.3242 mL	1.6212 mL	3.2424 mL	8.1060 mL
	10 mM	0.1621 mL	0.8106 mL	1.6212 mL	4.0530 mL
	15 mM	0.1081 mL	0.5404 mL	1.0808 mL	2.7020 mL
	20 mM	0.0811 mL	0.4053 mL	0.8106 mL	2.0265 mL
	25 mM	0.0648 mL	0.3242 mL	0.6485 mL	1.6212 mL
	30 mM	0.0540 mL	0.2702 mL	0.5404 mL	1.3510 mL
	40 mM	0.0405 mL	0.2026 mL	0.4053 mL	1.0132 mL
	50 mM	0.0324 mL	0.1621 mL	0.3242 mL	0.8106 mL
	60 mM	0.0270 mL	0.1351 mL	0.2702 mL	0.6755 mL
	80 mM	0.0203 mL	0.1013 mL	0.2026 mL	0.5066 mL
	100 mM	0.0162 mL	0.0811 mL	0.1621 mL	0.4053 mL

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Related Classifications

Produits pour modèles de maladies induites
Immunology and Inflammatory Disease Models Skin Disease Models
Dermatitis Models

Inflammation/Immunology

Epigenetics TGF-beta/Smad Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB
PKC SphK NF-κB

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [16561-29-8]

Référence HY-18739-1mg

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Related Classifications

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Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [16561-29-8]

Référence HY-18739-1mg

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Marque : MedChemExpress

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Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Related Antibodies

Calculateur de molarité

Calculateur de dilution

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Related Classifications

Keywords:

Vous serez peut-être également intéressé par les produits suivants :