Chromogranin A (Beta-Granin, CGA, CHGA, Chromogranin A Parathyroid Secretory Protein 1, ER-37, Pancreastatin, Parastatin, Parathyroid Secretory Protein 1, Pituitary Secretory Protein I, SP-I, Vasostatin I or II) (APC)

Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.||Applications: |Suitable for use in Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry (Not Tested), Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested.||Recommended Dilution:|Flow Cytometry (Not Tested): 0.5-1ug/million cells|Immunofluorescence: 1-2ug/ml|Western Blot: 0.5-1ug/ml|Immunoprecipitation: 1-2ug/500ug protein lysate|Immunohistochemistry: Frozen & Formalin-fixed: 0.5-1ug/ml for 30 minutes at RT |(Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in 10mM citrate buffer, pH 6.0, for 10-20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.||Positive Control:|PC12 cells. Adrenal gland, bowel, thyroid, pancreas, or pheochromocytoma.||Storage and Stability:|May be stored at 4°C before opening. DO NOT FREEZE! Stable at 4°C as an undiluted liquid. Dilute only prior to immediate use. Stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer. APC is light sensitive.||Note: Applications are based on unconjugated antibody.