Meningioma

Is a generally benign brain tumour that develops from the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas can develop from any area of the meninges and can vary in size, shape and growth.

Meningiomas are the most common brain tumour in adults and are more common in women than in men. Although most meningiomas are benign and grow slowly, some can be aggressive and invasive. 

Meningiomas can be classified into different grades according to their appearance under the microscope. Grade I meningiomas are generally benign, whereas grade II and III meningiomas can be more aggressive and more likely to recur after surgery.

In summary, meningioma is a generally benign brain tumour that develops from the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. 

There are no specific biomarkers for meningioma, but some studies have identified genetic alterations that may play a role in the formation of this tumour.

Somatic mutations in the NF2 gene, which is also associated with neurofibromatosis type 2, are common in sporadic meningiomas, i.e. those not associated with a family history. Other genetic alterations have also been identified in meningiomas, notably in the SMARCB1 and TRAF7 genes.

In addition to genetic alterations, studies have also suggested that certain protein markers, such as the Ki-67 and p53 proteins, may help to predict the aggressive behaviour of meningiomas. High expression of the Ki-67 protein, which is associated with cell proliferation, has been associated with faster tumour growth and a higher risk of recurrence after surgical treatment. Similarly, high expression of the p53 protein, which is involved in regulating cell growth and apoptosis, was associated with more aggressive behaviour in meningiomas.