Pifithrin-α hydrobromide is a p53 inhibitor which blocks its transcriptional activity and prevents cells from apoptosis. Pifithrin-α hydrobromide is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
Pifithrin-α hydrobromide Chemical Structure
CAS No. : 63208-82-2
This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.
Based on 67 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Pifithrin-α hydrobromide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Neurosci Lett. 2023 Feb 11.
[Abstract]
Pifithrin-α hydrobromide (PFT-α; 0.5 μM; 0, 24, 48 h) reverses the inhibition of NSC cell proliferation (SV2A knockdown promotes NSCs apoptosis) (fig C) and reduces cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) expression (fig D) induced by SV2A knockdown.
Pifithrin-α hydrobromide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Am J Cancer Res. 2018 Sep 1;8(9):1697-1711.
[Abstract]
Pifithrin-α hydrobromide (PFT) treatment inhibits Atovaquone (ATO)-induced upregulation of p53, p21, and cleavage of PARP, as well as downregulation of CDK2.
PFT-α, a pharmacological p53 inhibitor, inhibits the expression of frataxin in HepG2 cells. Under the treatment of free fatty acids (FFAs), the frataxin are further decreased by PFT-α.
Pifithrin-α hydrobromide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Front Genet. 2018 Aug 31;9:320.
[Abstract]
Western blot analysis of the expression of p53 and caspase-3 after intrathecal administration of Pifithrin-α on day 7 after chronic constriction injury (CCI). The fold change of p53 and caspase-3 levels is normalized to the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) level.
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Description
Pifithrin-α hydrobromide is a p53 inhibitor which blocks its transcriptional activity and prevents cells from apoptosis. Pifithrin-α hydrobromide is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist.
IC50 & Target
p53[1] AhR[2]
In Vitro
Pifithrin-α (PFT-α) hydrobromideis a water-soluble compound that could suppress p53 protein transcription. Pifithrin-α can suppress glucose oxidase (GOX)-induced p53 protein increase in whole cell lysates, but cyclosporine A (CsA) fails to show such an inhibition effect. Notably, Pifithrin-α is able to block the GOX-induced Bcl-2 protein reduction. Similarly, it is Pifithrin-α rather than CsA that able to prevent the Bax increasing in whole cell lysates[1]. Pifithrin-α inhibits p53-dependent apoptosis through an undetermined mechanism. Pifithrin-α also acts as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist and. Pifithrin-α is a potent AhR agonist as determined by its ability to bind the AhR, induce formation of its DNA binding complex, activate reporter activity, and up-regulate the classic AhR target gene CYP1A1[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Pifithrin-α hydrobromide Related Antibodies
In Vivo
When the experiment is performed with Pifthirin-α (PFT-α) hydrobromide, a pharmacological p53 inhibitor, the percentage of annexin V-positive Foxe3-/- SMCs decreases to WT levels. Pifithrin-α (2.2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduces the incidence of aortic rupture and intramural hematomas in Foxe3-/- mice that underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (50% to 17%, P<0.05). After Pifthirin-α treatment, the mean diameter of the ascending aorta and the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the aortic media are also normalized to WT levels in surviving Foxe3-/- animals (P<0.05)[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight
367.30
Formula
C16H19BrN2OS
CAS No.
63208-82-2
Appearance
Solid
Color
White to light yellow
SMILES
N=C1SC2=C(CCCC2)N1CC(C3=CC=C(C)C=C3)=O.19Br
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (136.13 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 1.25 mg/mL (3.40 mM; Need ultrasonic)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
2.7225 mL
13.6127 mL
27.2254 mL
5 mM
0.5445 mL
2.7225 mL
5.4451 mL
10 mM
0.2723 mL
1.3613 mL
2.7225 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.81 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.81 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
+
%
Tween-80
+
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
[1]. Yu W, et al. Cyclosporine A Suppressed Glucose Oxidase Induced P53 Mitochondrial Translocation and Hepatic Cell Apoptosis through Blocking Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Int J Biol Sci. 2016 Jan 1;12(2):198-209.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Hoagland MS, et al. The p53 Inhibitor Pifithrin-α Is a Potent Agonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Aug;314(2):603-10.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Kuang SQ, et al. FOXE3 mutations predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. J Clin Invest. 2016 Mar 1;126(3):948-61.
[Content Brief]
Kinase Assay
[2]
The ligand binding competition assays are performed. Cytosolic cell extracts from Hepa-1 cells are generated by the resuspension of the cell pellets in HEDG buffer [25 mM Hepes, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol, and 10% (v/v) glycerol, pH 7.5] containing 0.4 mM leupeptin, 4 mg/mL aprotinin, and 0.3 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, homogenization, and centrifugation at 100,000 g for 45 min. Aliquots of the supernatant (120 μg) are incubated at room temperature for 2 h with the indicated concentrations of Pifithrin-α in the presence of 3 nM [3H]TCDD in HEDG buffer. After incubation on ice with hydroxyapatite for 30 min, HEDG buffer with 0.5% Tween 80 is added. The samples are centrifuged, washed twice, resuspended in 0.2 mL of scintillation fluid, and subjected to scintillation counting. Nonspecific binding is determined using a 150-fold molar excess of TCDF and subtracted from the total binding to obtain the specific binding. The specific binding is reported relative to [3H]TCDD alone[2].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Cell Assay
[1]
The human hepatoma cell lines HepG2 (p53++) are cultured in RMPI 1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Cells are exposed to GOX (0-5 0U) for 0-8 hours with or without Pifithrin-α (20 μM/L), Pifithrin-μ (5 μM/L), CsA (10 μM/L), Sanglifehrin A (20 μM/L) and NAC (5 mM/L) for 1 hour, respectively. After treatment, cells are collected and processed for further experiments[1].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration
[3]
Mice[3]
The Foxe3-null (Foxe3-/-) mice are used. To investigate the role of p53 in Foxe3-related apoptosis, Pifithrin-α is administered by i.p. injection at a dosage of 2.2 mg/kg, then dissolved in PBS 1 hour before TAC and then every 48 hours. Animals are euthanized 2 weeks after the surgery, and the ascending aortic tissues are harvested for either RNA, total protein, histomorphometric analysis, or TUNEL assay.
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References
[1]. Yu W, et al. Cyclosporine A Suppressed Glucose Oxidase Induced P53 Mitochondrial Translocation and Hepatic Cell Apoptosis through Blocking Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Int J Biol Sci. 2016 Jan 1;12(2):198-209.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Hoagland MS, et al. The p53 Inhibitor Pifithrin-α Is a Potent Agonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Aug;314(2):603-10.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Kuang SQ, et al. FOXE3 mutations predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. J Clin Invest. 2016 Mar 1;126(3):948-61.
[Content Brief]
[1]. Yu W, et al. Cyclosporine A Suppressed Glucose Oxidase Induced P53 Mitochondrial Translocation and Hepatic Cell Apoptosis through Blocking Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Int J Biol Sci. 2016 Jan 1;12(2):198-209.
[2]. Hoagland MS, et al. The p53 Inhibitor Pifithrin-α Is a Potent Agonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Aug;314(2):603-10.
[3]. Kuang SQ, et al. FOXE3 mutations predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. J Clin Invest. 2016 Mar 1;126(3):948-61.
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Optional Solvent
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
25 mg
H2O / DMSO
1 mM
2.7225 mL
13.6127 mL
27.2254 mL
68.0635 mL
DMSO
5 mM
0.5445 mL
2.7225 mL
5.4451 mL
13.6127 mL
10 mM
0.2723 mL
1.3613 mL
2.7225 mL
6.8064 mL
15 mM
0.1815 mL
0.9075 mL
1.8150 mL
4.5376 mL
20 mM
0.1361 mL
0.6806 mL
1.3613 mL
3.4032 mL
25 mM
0.1089 mL
0.5445 mL
1.0890 mL
2.7225 mL
30 mM
0.0908 mL
0.4538 mL
0.9075 mL
2.2688 mL
40 mM
0.0681 mL
0.3403 mL
0.6806 mL
1.7016 mL
50 mM
0.0545 mL
0.2723 mL
0.5445 mL
1.3613 mL
60 mM
0.0454 mL
0.2269 mL
0.4538 mL
1.1344 mL
80 mM
0.0340 mL
0.1702 mL
0.3403 mL
0.8508 mL
100 mM
0.0272 mL
0.1361 mL
0.2723 mL
0.6806 mL
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.
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