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Acridine orange stain - Special stains for microbiology
Acridine orange is a dye that interposes or binds to nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) present in organisms and fluoresces to emit different colors that aid in the differentiation of cellular organelles. This binding is the result of electrostatic interactions of the acridine molecule between the base pairs of the nucleic acid. Acridine orange (AO), because of its metachromatic properties, is commonly used in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry for the analysis of cell physiology and cell cycle status, including fluorescence microscopic examination of microorganisms.
Acridine orange staining is a sensitive, rapid and reliable method for detecting bacteria in blood cultures at the beginning of incubation and can be substituted for blind subcultures. Acridine orange staining is better than Gram staining in cases where the amount of organisms is low. This staining is used to count the microbial load in a sample since acridine orange binds to the nucleic acid of both live and dead bacteria.
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