Kaempferol [520-18-3]

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Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Kaempferol Chemical Structure

Kaempferol Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 520-18-3

This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.

Based on 36 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Kaempferol:

  • Kaempferol (Standard) Get quote

    Kaempferol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Jan;157:114087.  [Abstract]

    Kaempferol (KPF; 100 μM; pretreat for 1 h) significantly inhibits the Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins including cleaved-caspase3, p-P53, and reverses the decline of the ratio of Bcl2 to Bax, indicating that Kaempferol suppresses apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells.

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    Description

    Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3][4].

    IC50 & Target[1]

    ERα

     

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    A549 IC50
    > 1 x 10-4 M
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    [PMID: 20619940]
    A549 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 2
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 33979163]
    A549 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 5
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    [PMID: 28165740]
    A549 IC50
    > 20 μg/mL
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by MTT assay
    [PMID: 21106454]
    B16 IC50
    20 μM
    Compound: 10
    Inhibition of melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs
    Inhibition of melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs
    [PMID: 19615910]
    B16 IC50
    53.7 μM
    Compound: 11
    Cytotoxicity against mouse B16 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse B16 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 25659770]
    B16-4A5 IC50
    25 μM
    Compound: 16
    Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs
    Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs
    [PMID: 20189399]
    B16-4A5 IC50
    88 μM
    Compound: 10
    Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cell proliferation assessed as cell viability after 68 hrs by WST8 assay
    Inhibition of theophylline-stimulated mouse B16-4A5 cell proliferation assessed as cell viability after 68 hrs by WST8 assay
    [PMID: 19615910]
    BEAS-2B IC50
    0.35 mM
    Compound: 2
    Cytotoxicity against human BEAS-2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BEAS-2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 33231455]
    BGC-823 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 2
    Cytotoxicity against human BGC-823 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BGC-823 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 33979163]
    BT-549 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 5
    Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    [PMID: 28165740]
    BV-2 IC50
    8.86 μM
    Compound: 5
    Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitrite production after 24 hrs by Griess assay
    Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitrite production after 24 hrs by Griess assay
    [PMID: 28165740]
    Ca9-22 IC50
    > 20 μg/mL
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells by MTT assay
    [PMID: 21106454]
    CHO-K1 IC50
    0.24 mM
    Compound: 2
    Cytotoxicity against CHO-K1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against CHO-K1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 33231455]
    CWR22R IC50
    > 40 μM
    Compound: 19
    Antiproliferative activity against human 22Rv1 cells incubated up to 144 hrs by Coulter particle count and size analyzer
    Antiproliferative activity against human 22Rv1 cells incubated up to 144 hrs by Coulter particle count and size analyzer
    [PMID: 22789812]
    HCC1937 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 2
    Cytotoxicity against human HCC1937 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HCC1937 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 33979163]
    HCT-116 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 2
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 33979163]
    HEK293 IC50
    1.2 μM
    Compound: 7h
    Inhibition of NOX4 expressed in HEK293 FS cells assessed as H2O2 production by H2O2/Tyr/LPO assay
    Inhibition of NOX4 expressed in HEK293 FS cells assessed as H2O2 production by H2O2/Tyr/LPO assay
    [PMID: 20731357]
    HEK293 IC50
    3.9 μM
    Compound: 21
    Inhibition of human TRPC5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in gadolinium-induced calcium entry after 30 mins by fluo-4 dye based fluorescence assay
    Inhibition of human TRPC5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in gadolinium-induced calcium entry after 30 mins by fluo-4 dye based fluorescence assay
    [PMID: 30943030]
    HeLa IC50
    > 1 x 10-4 M
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    [PMID: 20619940]
    HeLa IC50
    2.4 μg/mL
    Compound: 6
    Antiallergic activity in Ca(2+)-stimulated differentiated human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cys-leukotriene release after 6 days by ELISA
    Antiallergic activity in Ca(2+)-stimulated differentiated human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cys-leukotriene release after 6 days by ELISA
    [PMID: 19942440]
    Hep 3B2 IC50
    17.74 μg/mL
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells by MTT assay
    [PMID: 21106454]
    HepG2 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 2
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 33979163]
    HepG2 IC50
    > 20 μg/mL
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay
    [PMID: 21106454]
    HepG2 IC50
    > 400 μM
    Compound: 33
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay
    [PMID: 21726077]
    HepG2 EC50
    7.74 μM
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Antioxidant activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in fluorescence level after 2.5 hrs measured every 5 mins for 1 hr by DCFH-DA staining based fluorescence assay
    Antioxidant activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in fluorescence level after 2.5 hrs measured every 5 mins for 1 hr by DCFH-DA staining based fluorescence assay
    [PMID: 26974372]
    HepG2 IC50
    9.64 μM
    Compound: 5
    Inverse agonist activity at human GAL4-DBD-fused ERRalpha-LBD transfected in human HepG2 cells assessed as disruption of interaction with PGC-1alpha after 24 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay
    Inverse agonist activity at human GAL4-DBD-fused ERRalpha-LBD transfected in human HepG2 cells assessed as disruption of interaction with PGC-1alpha after 24 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay
    [PMID: 23656512]
    HT-29 IC50
    > 1 x 10-4 M
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    [PMID: 20619940]
    Huh-7 CC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: 26
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5.1 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh7.5.1 cells by MTT assay
    [PMID: 22445328]
    J774.2 IC50
    53.67 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse J774.2 cells after 72 hrs by trypan blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against BALB/c mouse J774.2 cells after 72 hrs by trypan blue assay
    [PMID: 19489596]
    Jurkat IC50
    10.5 μM
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of purified human 20S proteasome expressed in human Jurkat cells assessed as decrease in AMC hydrolysis using Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC as substrate incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence based method
    Inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of purified human 20S proteasome expressed in human Jurkat cells assessed as decrease in AMC hydrolysis using Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC as substrate incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence based method
    [PMID: 30776692]
    Jurkat IC50
    11 μM
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of human 26S proteasome in human Jurkat cells assessed as decrease in AMC hydrolysis using Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-AMC as substrate after 24 hrs by fluorescence based method
    Inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of human 26S proteasome in human Jurkat cells assessed as decrease in AMC hydrolysis using Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-AMC as substrate after 24 hrs by fluorescence based method
    [PMID: 30776692]
    L929 EC50
    20 μM
    Compound: kaempferol
    Inhibition of recombinant human TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity of mouse L929 cells assessed as survivality preincubated for 15 mins before TNFalpha addition measured after 24 hrs by crystal violet staining
    Inhibition of recombinant human TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity of mouse L929 cells assessed as survivality preincubated for 15 mins before TNFalpha addition measured after 24 hrs by crystal violet staining
    [PMID: 9287415]
    L929 EC50
    25 μM
    Compound: kaempferol
    Inhibition of recombinant human TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity of mouse L929 cells assessed as survivality preincubated for 15 mins before TNFalpha addition measured after 24 hrs by [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation assay
    Inhibition of recombinant human TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity of mouse L929 cells assessed as survivality preincubated for 15 mins before TNFalpha addition measured after 24 hrs by [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation assay
    [PMID: 9287415]
    MCF7 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 2
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 33979163]
    MCF7 IC50
    > 20 μg/mL
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay
    [PMID: 21106454]
    MCF7 IC50
    50 μM
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 6 days by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 6 days by SRB assay
    [PMID: 33257172]
    MCF7 IC50
    6.2 μM
    Compound: 12
    Inhibition of BCRP expressed in MCF-7 MX cells using Hoechst 33342 staining
    Inhibition of BCRP expressed in MCF-7 MX cells using Hoechst 33342 staining
    [PMID: 21354800]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    > 20 μg/mL
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by MTT assay
    [PMID: 21106454]
    MDCK CC50
    > 300 μM
    Compound: 3
    Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    [PMID: 19729316]
    MDCK IC50
    4.7 μM
    Compound: 12
    Inhibition of BCRP expressed in MDCK cells using Hoechst 33342 staining
    Inhibition of BCRP expressed in MDCK cells using Hoechst 33342 staining
    [PMID: 21354800]
    Monocyte IC50
    2.7 μM
    Compound: kaempferol
    Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs
    Inhibition of procoagulant activity in monocyte from human blood assessed as counteraction of IL1-induced tissue factor expression after 18 hrs
    [PMID: 8882428]
    Monocyte IC50
    20 μM
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Inhibition of TNFalpha expression in LPS-stimulated human monocytes treated 30 mins before LPS challenge measured after 14 hrs by ELISA
    Inhibition of TNFalpha expression in LPS-stimulated human monocytes treated 30 mins before LPS challenge measured after 14 hrs by ELISA
    [PMID: 10096854]
    MV4-11 GI50
    3.34 μM
    Compound: 5
    Cytotoxicity against human MV4-11 cells harboring FLT3 mutation after 72 hrs by tetrazolium based Ez CyTox cell viability assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MV4-11 cells harboring FLT3 mutation after 72 hrs by tetrazolium based Ez CyTox cell viability assay
    [PMID: 23411073]
    Peritoneal macrophage IC50
    29 μM
    Compound: 5; kp19
    Inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in ddy mouse peritoneal macrophages measured after 20 hrs by Greiss method
    Inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in ddy mouse peritoneal macrophages measured after 20 hrs by Greiss method
    [PMID: 27955927]
    Platelet IC50
    > 50 μg/mL
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Antiaggregatory activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by aggregometry
    Antiaggregatory activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by aggregometry
    [PMID: 21106454]
    Platelet IC50
    3.55 μg/mL
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Antiaggregatory activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by aggregometry
    Antiaggregatory activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by aggregometry
    [PMID: 21106454]
    RAW264.7 IC50
    13.4 μM
    Compound: 5; kp19
    Inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells by Griess method
    Inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells by Griess method
    [PMID: 27955927]
    RAW264.7 IC50
    13.4 μM
    Compound: Kaempferol
    Inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in rat RAW264.7 cells pretreated for 2 hrs followed by LPS-stimulation after 16 hrs by Griess assay
    Inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in rat RAW264.7 cells pretreated for 2 hrs followed by LPS-stimulation after 16 hrs by Griess assay
    [PMID: 28662961]
    RAW264.7 IC50
    15 μM
    Compound: 5; kp19
    Inhibition of LPS/INF-gamma-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells measured after 16 hrs
    Inhibition of LPS/INF-gamma-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells measured after 16 hrs
    [PMID: 27955927]
    RAW264.7 IC50
    17 μM
    Compound: 5; kp19
    Inhibition of LPS/INF-gamma-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells by Griess method
    Inhibition of LPS/INF-gamma-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells by Griess method
    [PMID: 27955927]
    RAW264.7 IC50
    60.2 μM
    Compound: 7
    Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess method
    Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess method
    [PMID: 21353543]
    RAW264.7 IC50
    80.3 μM
    Compound: 7
    Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion after 18 hrs
    Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion after 18 hrs
    [PMID: 21353543]
    RS4-11 GI50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: 5
    Cytotoxicity against human RS4:11 cells harboring wild type FLT3 after 72 hrs by tetrazolium based Ez CyTox cell viability assay
    Cytotoxicity against human RS4:11 cells harboring wild type FLT3 after 72 hrs by tetrazolium based Ez CyTox cell viability assay
    [PMID: 23411073]
    Sf21 IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 6
    Inhibition of human recombinant COX2 expressed in insect Sf21 cells by EIA assay
    Inhibition of human recombinant COX2 expressed in insect Sf21 cells by EIA assay
    [PMID: 17378609]
    SK-MEL-2 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 5
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    [PMID: 28165740]
    SK-OV-3 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: 5
    Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    [PMID: 28165740]
    In Vitro

    Kaempferol also has anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of interleukin-4 and cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression by suppressing Src kinase and downregulating the NFκB pathway. Kaempferol is also effective in inhibiting angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells[1]. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid that is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, and prospective studies revealed that over decades, consumption of Kaempferol dramatically and significantly reduces the risk of ovarian cancer in American female nurses. After a 24-hour treatment, Kaempferol causes a significant and concentration-dependent inhibition of proliferation in all 3 ovarian cancer cells tested. This inhibition is observed at 40 μM or higher concentrations of treatment[2]. Kaempferol is a flavonoid which is abundant in a variety of plant derived food and leaves used in traditional medicines. Kaempferol significantly inhibits NADPH oxidase activity. Kaempferol decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) by directly bound NADPH oxidase. Kaempferol prevents Ang II-induced sinus nodal cell death by lowering CAMKII oxidization[3].10-20 μM Kaempferol dose-dependently suppresses its release in sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. When 10-20 μM Kaempferol is supplemented to DNP-BSA-challenged RBL-2H3 cells for 15 min, the activation of Syk and PLCγ is highly attenuated. When ≥10 μM Kaempferol is added to DNP-BSA-challenged RBL-2H3 cells for 60 min, the COX2 induction is reduced[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    In Vivo

    The COX2 induction is confirmed in the airways of BSA-challenged BALB/c mice. There is lack of COX2 in airways of untreated control mice observed. The BSA inhalation to mice led to enhanced COX2 induction (dark brown staining) in mouse airway, which is reversed by oral administration of Kaempferol. In BSA-challenged mice, there is a marked goblet cell hyperplasia and epithelial thickening observed. When 20 mg/kg Kaempferol is supplemented to BSA-challenged mice, the epithelial thickening completely disappeared[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Molecular Weight

    286.24

    Formula

    C15H10O6

    CAS No.

    520-18-3

    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Light yellow to yellow

    SMILES

    OC1=C2C(OC(C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)=C(O)C2=O)=CC(O)=C1

    Structure Classification
    • Flavonoids
    • Flavonols
    • Phenols
    • Polyphenols
    Initial Source
    • Plants
    • other families
    • Endogenous metabolite
    • Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
    • Microorganisms
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 1 year
    -20°C 6 months
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 20 mg/mL (69.87 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.4936 mL 17.4679 mL 34.9357 mL
    5 mM 0.6987 mL 3.4936 mL 6.9871 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

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    Volume (start)

    V1

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2 mg/mL (6.99 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2 mg/mL (6.99 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  50% PEG300    50% Saline

      Solubility: 10 mg/mL (34.94 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  0.5% CMC/saline water

      Solubility: 5 mg/mL (17.47 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

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    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

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    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
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    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.92%

    References
    • [1]. Luo H, et al. Kaempferol nanoparticles achieve strong and selective inhibition of ovarian cancer cell viability. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012; 7: 3951-3959.  [Content Brief]

      [2]. Luo H, et al. Kaempferol induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through activating p53 in the intrinsic pathway. Food Chem. 2011 September 15; 128(2): 513-519.  [Content Brief]

      [3]. An M, et al. Protective effects of Kaempferol against cardiac sinus node dysfunction via CaMKII deoxidization. Anat Cell Biol. 2015 Dec;48(4):235-43.  [Content Brief]

      [4]. Shin D, et al. Dietary Compound Kaempferol Inhibits Airway Thickening Induced by Allergic Reaction in a Bovine Serum Albumin-Induced Model of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Dec 16;16(12):29980-95.  [Content Brief]

    Kinase Assay
    [3]

    Right atria or sinus nodal cells are homogenized in lysis buffer consisting of (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM KCl, 1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1 mM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 0.5 mM Benzamidine, 20 mg/L Leupeptin, 20 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 50 mM NaF, and 50 mM sodium β-glycerophosphate), and total protein content is determined by the Bradford assay. Caspase-3 activity is determined by EnzChek Caspase-3 Assay Kit[3].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Cell Assay
    [2]

    Ovarian cancer cells are seeded in 96-well plates at 2000 cells/well and incubated overnight before treatment with 0-160 μM Kaempferol for 24 hours in triplicates. The medium is removed, and the plates are freeze-thawed to lyse cells. Each well is added with 200 μL 1× CyQUANT cell lysis buffer containing 5x SYBR Green I and incubated at room temperature (RT) for 5 minutes. The reaction (50 μL) is transferred to PCR strip tubes and the fluorescent signal is measured at 90°C with a real-time Chromo4 PCR instrument. To ensure that cell proliferation assays are performed within a linear range of cell numbers, a standard curve is generated by seeding different amount of OVCAR-3 cells (based on counting with a hemacytometer) in a 96-well plate, and measuring genomic DNA abundance after overnight incubation. Three independent experiments are performed and data is pooled for statistical analysis[2].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Administration
    [4]

    Mice[4]
    Three-week-old male BALB/c mice are randomly assigned to the four treatment groups as follows (n=8 per group). (1) PBS-sensitized mice; (2) BSA-sensitized mice; (3) BSA-sensitized and 10 mg/kg Kaempferol-administered mice; and (4) BSA-sensitized and 20 mg/kg Kaempferol-administered mice. Mice are given a commercial mouse chow diet containing 20.5% protein, 3.5% fat, 8% fiber, 8% ash, and 0.5% phosphorus and are allowed access to food and water ad libitum. The mice are kept under a 12 h light and dark cycle at 23±1°C with 50%±5% relative humidity in specific pathogen-free conditions. Mice are allowed to become accustomed to their surroundings for one week before starting the allergic experiments. Sensitization of all experimental mice is carried out by subcutaneous injection with 20 μg BSA in 30 μL PBS and 50 μL Imject Alum on days 0 and 14. The control mice are injected with a combination of 50 μL PBS and 50 μL Imject Alum without BSA. On days 28, 29, and 30, only the experimental mice sensitized to BSA are subject to inhalation of 5% BSA, while control mice are challenged with 5% PBS for 20 min in a plastic chamber connected to a Medel aerosol nebulizer. All mice are sacrificed 24 h after the last challenge. Whole blood samples are directly used to measure the contents of eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils. The right lung is stored in 4% paraformaldehyde until use.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    References
    • [1]. Luo H, et al. Kaempferol nanoparticles achieve strong and selective inhibition of ovarian cancer cell viability. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012; 7: 3951-3959.  [Content Brief]

      [2]. Luo H, et al. Kaempferol induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through activating p53 in the intrinsic pathway. Food Chem. 2011 September 15; 128(2): 513-519.  [Content Brief]

      [3]. An M, et al. Protective effects of Kaempferol against cardiac sinus node dysfunction via CaMKII deoxidization. Anat Cell Biol. 2015 Dec;48(4):235-43.  [Content Brief]

      [4]. Shin D, et al. Dietary Compound Kaempferol Inhibits Airway Thickening Induced by Allergic Reaction in a Bovine Serum Albumin-Induced Model of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Dec 16;16(12):29980-95.  [Content Brief]

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 3.4936 mL 17.4679 mL 34.9357 mL 87.3393 mL
    5 mM 0.6987 mL 3.4936 mL 6.9871 mL 17.4679 mL
    10 mM 0.3494 mL 1.7468 mL 3.4936 mL 8.7339 mL
    15 mM 0.2329 mL 1.1645 mL 2.3290 mL 5.8226 mL
    20 mM 0.1747 mL 0.8734 mL 1.7468 mL 4.3670 mL
    25 mM 0.1397 mL 0.6987 mL 1.3974 mL 3.4936 mL
    30 mM 0.1165 mL 0.5823 mL 1.1645 mL 2.9113 mL
    40 mM 0.0873 mL 0.4367 mL 0.8734 mL 2.1835 mL
    50 mM 0.0699 mL 0.3494 mL 0.6987 mL 1.7468 mL
    60 mM 0.0582 mL 0.2911 mL 0.5823 mL 1.4557 mL
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    Kaempferol Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs

    Keywords:

    Kaempferol520-18-3Kempferol RobigeninEstrogen Receptor/ERRAutophagyMitophagyApoptosisHIVParasiteEndogenous MetaboliteMitochondrial AutophagyHuman immunodeficiency virusInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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