Sarcoma
Identification of marker genes of sarcomas for FISH and CISH
Soft-tissue sarcoma
A soft-tissue sarcoma is a form of sarcoma that develops in connective tissue, though the term is sometimes applied to elements of the soft tissue that are not currently considered connective tissue.
Most soft-tissue sarcomas are not associated with any known risk factors or identifiable etiology.
Soft-tissue sarcomas are relatively uncommon cancers. They account for less than 1%of all new cancer cases each year. This may be because cells in soft tissue, in contrast to tissues that more commonly give rise to malignancies, are not continuously dividing cells.
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| CDK4 |  |
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| SS18 | |
Osteosarcoma
An osteosarcoma is a cancerous tumor in a bone. Specifically, it is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin (and thus a sarcoma) and that exhibits osteoblastic differentiation and produces malignant osteoid.
Osteosarcoma is the most common histological form of primary bone cancer. It is most prevalent in children and young adults.
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| CDK4 | |
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| VEGFA | |
Dermatofibrosarcoma
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a very rare tumor. It is a rare neoplasm of the dermis layer of the skin, and is classified as a sarcoma. There is only about one case per million per year. DFSP is a fibrosarcoma, more precisely a cutaneous soft tissue sarcoma. In many respects, the disease behaves as a benign tumor, but in 2–5%of cases it can metastasize, so it should be considered to have malignant potential. It occurs most often in adults in their thirties; it has been described congenitally, in children, and the elderly. It accounts for approximately 2–6%of soft tissue sarcoma cancers.
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| COL1A1 | |
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| PDGFB | |
Liposarcoma
Liposarcoma is a cancer that arises in fat cells in deep soft tissue, such as that inside the thigh or in the retroperitoneum. Liposarcoma is a rare type of cancer that bears a resemblance to fat cells when examined under a microscope.
They are typically large bulky tumors, and tend to have multiple smaller satellites that extend beyond the main confines of the tumor.
Liposarcomas, like all sarcomas, are rare.
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| CDK4 | |
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| DDIT3 | |
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| FUS | |
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| MDM2 | |
Ewing's Sarcoma
Ewing's sarcoma or Ewing sarcoma is a malignant small, round, blue cell tumor. It is a rare disease in which cancer cells arefound in the bone or in soft tissue. The most common areas in which it occurs are the pelvis, the femur, the humerus, the ribs and clavicle (collar bone).
Since a common genetic locus is responsible for a large percentage of Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors, these are sometimes grouped together in a category known as the Ewing family of tumors. The diseases are, however, considered to be different: peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours are generally not associated with bones, while Ewing sarcomas are most commonly related to bone.
Ewing's sarcoma occurs most frequently in teenagers and young adults, with a male/female ratio of 1.6:1.
Although usually classified as a bone tumour, Ewing's sarcoma can have characteristics of both mesodermal and ectodermal origin, making it difficult to classify.
James Ewing (1866–1943) first described the tumour, establishing that the disease was separate from lymphoma and other types of cancer known at that time.
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| EWSR1 | |
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| WT1 | |
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma, or RMS, is an aggressive and highly malignant form of cancer that develops from skeletal (striated) muscle cells that have failed to fully differentiate. It is generally considered to be a disease of childhood, as the vast majority of cases occur in those below the age of 18. It is commonly described as one of the "small, round, blue cell tumours of childhood" due to its appearance on an H&E stain. Despite being a relatively rare cancer, it accounts for approximately 40%of all recorded soft tissue sarcomas. RMS can occur in any site on the body, but is primarily found in the head, neck, orbit, genitourinary tract, genitals, and extremities. There are no clear risk factors for RMS, but the disease has been associated with some congenital abnormalities
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FISH
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| FOXO1 | |
Endometrial stromal sarcoma
Endometrial stromal sarcoma is a malignant subtype of endometrial stromal tumor arising from the stroma (connective tissue) of the endometrium rather than the glands. There are three grades for endometrial stromal tumors, as follows. It was previously known as endolymphatic stromal myosis because of diffuse infiltration of myometrial tissue or the invasion of lymphatic channels.
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| JAZF1 | |
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| YWHAE | |
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma is a cancer composed of cells derived from transformed cells that produce cartilage. Chondrosarcoma is a member of a category of tumors of bone and soft tissue known as sarcomas. About 30%of skeletal system cancers are chondrosarcomas. It is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Unlike other primary bone cancers that mainly affect children and adolescents, chondrosarcoma can present at any age. It more often affects the axial skeleton than the appendicular skeleton.
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FISH
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| NR4A3 | |
Other sarcomas
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SMARCB1 epitheloïde sarcoma poorly differentiated sarcoma |
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TFE3 Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) |
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USP6 Nodular fasciitis (NF) |
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