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> Levamisole (hydrochloride) [16595-80-5]

Levamisole (hydrochloride) [16595-80-5]

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Levamisole ((-)-Tetramisole) hydrochloride is an anthelmintic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives. Levamisole hydrochloride has antiviral effects against HSV.

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Levamisole hydrochloride Estructura química

Levamisole hydrochloride Estructura química

No. CAS : 16595-80-5

This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Levamisole hydrochloride:

  • Levamisole In-stock
  • Levamisole-d5 hydrochloride Obtener un presupuesto

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Descripciòn

Levamisole ((-)-Tetramisole) hydrochloride is an anthelmintic and immunomodulator belonging to a class of synthetic imidazothiazole derivatives. Levamisole hydrochloride has antiviral effects against HSV.

IC50 & Target[1][2][3]

Parasite

 

HSV-1

 

In Vitro

Levamisole suppresses the production of white blood cells, resulting in neutropenia and agranulocytosis. With the increasing use of levamisole as an adulterant, a number of these complications have been reported among cocaine users [1] [2]. Levamisole reversibly and noncompetitively inhibits most isoforms of alkaline phosphatase (e.g., human liver, bone, kidney, and spleen) except the intestinal and placental isoform [3]. It is thus used as an inhibitor along with substrate to reduce background alkaline phosphatase activity in biomedical assays involving detection signal amplification by intestinal alkaline phosphatase, for example in in situ hybridization or Western blot protocols. It is used to immobilize the nematode C. elegans on glass slides for imaging.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Levamisole hydrochloride Related Antibodies
Ensayo clínico
Peso molecular

240.75

Fòrmula

C11H13ClN2S
No. CAS

16595-80-5
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

22Cl.C12=N[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)CN1CCS2
Envío

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Almacenamiento

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvente y solubilidad
In Vitro: 

H2O : 50 mg/mL (207.68 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 15.5 mg/mL (64.38 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Ethanol : 12.5 mg/mL (51.92 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.1537 mL 20.7684 mL 41.5369 mL
5 mM 0.8307 mL 4.1537 mL 8.3074 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Calculadora de molaridad

  • Calculadora de dilución

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% EtOH    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.19 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% EtOH    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.19 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (415.37 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Pureza y Documentación

Purity: 99.87%

COA (250 KB) LCMS (127 KB)

Instrucciones de manejo (2659 KB)
Referencias

  • [1]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use - four States, March 2008-November 2009.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Dec 18;58(49):1381-5.  [Content Brief]

    [2]. Zhu NY, et al. Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Feb 17;150(4):287-9.  [Content Brief]

    [3]. Van Belle H. Alkaline phosphatase. I. Kinetics and inhibition by levamisole of purified isoenzymes from humans. Clin Chem. 1976 Jul;22(7):972-6.  [Content Brief]

    [4]. Friedlaender MH, et al. The treatment of herpetic reinfection with levamisole. Am J Ophthalmol. 1978 Aug;86(2):245-9.  [Content Brief]

  • [1]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use - four States, March 2008-November 2009.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Dec 18;58(49):1381-5.

    [2]. Zhu NY, et al. Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Feb 17;150(4):287-9.

    [3]. Van Belle H. Alkaline phosphatase. I. Kinetics and inhibition by levamisole of purified isoenzymes from humans. Clin Chem. 1976 Jul;22(7):972-6.

    [4]. Friedlaender MH, et al. The treatment of herpetic reinfection with levamisole. Am J Ophthalmol. 1978 Aug;86(2):245-9.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
Ethanol / DMSO / H2O 1 mM 4.1537 mL 20.7684 mL 41.5369 mL 103.8422 mL
5 mM 0.8307 mL 4.1537 mL 8.3074 mL 20.7684 mL
10 mM 0.4154 mL 2.0768 mL 4.1537 mL 10.3842 mL
15 mM 0.2769 mL 1.3846 mL 2.7691 mL 6.9228 mL
20 mM 0.2077 mL 1.0384 mL 2.0768 mL 5.1921 mL
25 mM 0.1661 mL 0.8307 mL 1.6615 mL 4.1537 mL
30 mM 0.1385 mL 0.6923 mL 1.3846 mL 3.4614 mL
40 mM 0.1038 mL 0.5192 mL 1.0384 mL 2.5961 mL
50 mM 0.0831 mL 0.4154 mL 0.8307 mL 2.0768 mL
DMSO / H2O 60 mM 0.0692 mL 0.3461 mL 0.6923 mL 1.7307 mL
H2O 80 mM 0.0519 mL 0.2596 mL 0.5192 mL 1.2980 mL
100 mM 0.0415 mL 0.2077 mL 0.4154 mL 1.0384 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Levamisole hydrochloride Related Classifications

  • Anti-infection
  • Parasite HSV
Help & FAQs

Keywords:

Levamisole16595-80-5(-)-TetramisoleParasiteHSVHerpes simplex virusInhibitorinhibitorinhibit