The iris is located in front of the eye, between the cornea and the lens, in continuity with the choroid. The iris is a pigmented, slightly curved, variable aperture disc that controls the size of the pupil and the amount of light that reaches the retina. The iris is immersed in a fluid called aqueous humor. It consists of the anterior limiting layer, the stroma, the dilator muscle layer and the posterior pigment epithelium. Iris pigment epithelial cells (IPEpiCs) have the same embryonic origin as retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) and therefore exhibit similar functional properties to RPEs, including photoreceptor turnover and trophic factor synthesis. Previous studies have shown that IPEpiC transplanted into the subretinal space inhibited abnormal neovascularization and photoreceptor degeneration, suggesting that IPEpiC transplantation could be used in the future to treat retinal disorders.