Withaferin A is a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, inhibits NF-kB activation and targets vimentin, with potent antiinflammatory and anticancer activities. Withaferin A is an inhibitor of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) shedding.
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Withaferin A Chemical Structure
CAS No. : 5119-48-2
Based on 6 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Withaferin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Cancer Cell Int. 2020 May 20;20:179.
[Abstract]
PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with diferent concentration of NF-κB inhibitor, Withaferin A (WA).
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Description
Withaferin A is a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, inhibits NF-kB activation and targets vimentin, with potent antiinflammatory and anticancer activities. Withaferin A is an inhibitor of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) shedding.
IC50 & Target[1]
NFκB
In Vitro
Withaferin A has antiinflammatory activity, and potently inhibits NF-kB activation by preventing the TNF-induced activation of Ik-B kinase beta via a thioalkylation-sensitive redox mechanism[1]. Withaferin A also has anticancer activity. Withaferin A targets the IF protein vimentin, causes aggregation of vimentin filaments in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) at 3 μM, and induces vimentin fragmentation in endothelial cells at 10 μM[2]. Withaferin A (0.5, 1.5 μM) alone or incombination with cisplatin (CIS) dose-dependently reduces tumorigenic potential of ALDH1 positive cancer stem cells (CSCs)[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Withaferin A Related Antibodies
In Vivo
Withaferin A (2 mg/kg, i.p.) shows potent angiogenesis inhibitory activity via vimentin in mice[2]. Withaferin A (2 mg/kg) combined with cisplatin (CIS) regulates the expression of ALDH1 marker, and downregulates the expression of securin in tumors collected from mice[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Stockage
4°C, protect from light
*In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (protect from light)
Solvant et solubilité
In Vitro:
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (106.25 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
2.1249 mL
10.6247 mL
21.2495 mL
5 mM
0.4250 mL
2.1249 mL
4.2499 mL
10 mM
0.2125 mL
1.0625 mL
2.1249 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.83 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (8.3 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
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Animal weight (per animal)
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μL
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
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%
Tween-80
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%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
*In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (protect from light)
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
[1]. Kaileh M, et al. Withaferin a strongly elicits IkappaB kinase beta hyperphosphorylation concomitant with potent inhibition of its kinase activity. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 16;282(7):4253-64. Epub 2006 Dec 6.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Bargagna-Mohan P, et al. The tumor inhibitor and antiangiogenic agent withaferin A targets the intermediate filament protein vimentin. Chem Biol. 2007 Jun;14(6):623-34.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Kakar SS, et al. Withaferin A (WFA) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting ovarian cancer stem cells. Oncotarget. 2017 Aug 10;8(43):74494-74505.
[Content Brief]
Test cellulaire
[3]
Ovarian epithelial cancer cell line A2780 is maintained in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with insulin (5 μg/mL), penicillin/streptomycin (100 IU/mL and 100 μg/mL respectively) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) from Hyclone. Withaferin A, cisplatin (CIS) and other reagents are prepared in DMSO. Cisplatin is prepared fresh each time[3].
MCE n'a pas confirmé de manière indépendante l'exactitude de ces méthodes. Ils sont pour référence seulement.
Administration animale
[2]
Mice[2]
Vimentin homozygous-deficient mice (Vim−/−) and mice that are vimentin-heterozygous deficient (Vim+/−) in the 129/Svev background are used in the assay. In brief, mice between 4 and 6 wk of age are anesthetized by intraperiteoneal (i.p.) injection of ketamine and xylazine. Corneas are topically anesthetized by application of proparacain eye drop, and 1 μL drop of dilute 0.15 M sodium hydroxide is applied for 1 min. The cornea is immediately washed extensively in saline solution, and corneal and limbal epithelium gently removed by scraping. The cornea is topically treated with atropine eye drop and covered with tobramycin and erythromycin antibiotic eye ointment. Withaferin A or 12-D WS (2 mg/kg solubilized in DMSO) or vehicle (DMSO) is injected i.p. in respective drug or control groups of mice after their recovery from corneal injury, and subsequently every day thereafter for a period of 10 days. Mice are humanely killed and eyes enucleated. The anterior segment half of eyes are dissected and corneal buttons are prepared. Corneal tissues are fixed in 100% acetone for 20 min, washed in PBS for 1 hr, and blocked for 18 hr in 1% BSA-PBS at 4°C. Cornea whole-mount staining is performed by incubating tissues in FITC-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD31 antibody (1:333 dilution in 1% BSA-PBS) for 12 hr, washed away for 24 hr at 4°C in 1% BSA-PBS, and affixed to glass slides with a coverslip. Fluorescent staining is visualized on microscope, and quantified by importing digital images to NIH ImageJ[2].
MCE n'a pas confirmé de manière indépendante l'exactitude de ces méthodes. Ils sont pour référence seulement.
Références
[1]. Kaileh M, et al. Withaferin a strongly elicits IkappaB kinase beta hyperphosphorylation concomitant with potent inhibition of its kinase activity. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 16;282(7):4253-64. Epub 2006 Dec 6.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Bargagna-Mohan P, et al. The tumor inhibitor and antiangiogenic agent withaferin A targets the intermediate filament protein vimentin. Chem Biol. 2007 Jun;14(6):623-34.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Kakar SS, et al. Withaferin A (WFA) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting ovarian cancer stem cells. Oncotarget. 2017 Aug 10;8(43):74494-74505.
[Content Brief]
[1]. Kaileh M, et al. Withaferin a strongly elicits IkappaB kinase beta hyperphosphorylation concomitant with potent inhibition of its kinase activity. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 16;282(7):4253-64. Epub 2006 Dec 6.
[2]. Bargagna-Mohan P, et al. The tumor inhibitor and antiangiogenic agent withaferin A targets the intermediate filament protein vimentin. Chem Biol. 2007 Jun;14(6):623-34.
[3]. Kakar SS, et al. Withaferin A (WFA) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting ovarian cancer stem cells. Oncotarget. 2017 Aug 10;8(43):74494-74505.
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Optional Solvent
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
25 mg
DMSO
1 mM
2.1249 mL
10.6247 mL
21.2495 mL
53.1237 mL
5 mM
0.4250 mL
2.1249 mL
4.2499 mL
10.6247 mL
10 mM
0.2125 mL
1.0625 mL
2.1249 mL
5.3124 mL
15 mM
0.1417 mL
0.7083 mL
1.4166 mL
3.5416 mL
20 mM
0.1062 mL
0.5312 mL
1.0625 mL
2.6562 mL
25 mM
0.0850 mL
0.4250 mL
0.8500 mL
2.1249 mL
30 mM
0.0708 mL
0.3542 mL
0.7083 mL
1.7708 mL
40 mM
0.0531 mL
0.2656 mL
0.5312 mL
1.3281 mL
50 mM
0.0425 mL
0.2125 mL
0.4250 mL
1.0625 mL
60 mM
0.0354 mL
0.1771 mL
0.3542 mL
0.8854 mL
80 mM
0.0266 mL
0.1328 mL
0.2656 mL
0.6640 mL
100 mM
0.0212 mL
0.1062 mL
0.2125 mL
0.5312 mL
Withaferin A Related Classifications
Inflammation/ImmunologyCancer
Cancer Targeted TherapyCancer ImmunotherapyCancer Stem CellsCancer Metabolism and Metastasis
NF-κBApoptosis
NF-κBFerroptosis
Help & FAQs
Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.
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