Neurons

Neurons are the fundamental cells of the nervous system. They are responsible for transmitting information between the different parts of the nervous system, as well as communicating with muscles and organs.

Neurons are characterized by their elongated shape and their ability to communicate with other nerve and non-nerve cells. They have a cell body, or soma, which contains the nucleus and cell organelles, and extensions called dendrites and axons.

Dendrites are extensions that receive signals from other neurons and transmit these signals to the soma. Axons are extensions that transmit signals from the soma to other nerve or non-nerve cells.

Information is transmitted between neurons using electrical and chemical signals. When an electrical signal reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, chemical substances that cross the space between the neurons, called the synapse, and enable the transmission of information to the next cell.

Neurons are specialized cells that play a crucial role in perception, cognition, motor skills, and many other physiological processes. Different parts of the brain are made up of different types of neurons, each with a specific function in the transmission of information.