Adipocytes, or fat cells, are specialized connective tissue cells primarily responsible for energy storage in the form of lipids. They play a pivotal role in maintaining energy balance and metabolic homeostasis.

Adipocytes are characterized by their ability to store large quantities of triglycerides within lipid droplets, which can be mobilized during periods of energy deficit through lipolysis, releasing free fatty acids into circulation for use by other tissues.

Beyond their role in energy storage, adipocytes function as endocrine cells, secreting a variety of bioactive molecules known as adipokines. These include leptin, which regulates appetite and energy expenditure; adiponectin, which enhances insulin sensitivity; and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. The secretion of these factors links adipocyte function to systemic metabolic processes and inflammation, highlighting their importance in conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Adipocyte metabolism is intricately regulated by hormonal signals, including insulin and glucagon, which modulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. The distribution of adipose tissue—subcutaneous versus visceral—also influences metabolic health, with visceral fat being more closely associated with metabolic disorders. 

To support research in this critical area, we offer a range of human adipocyte cell products specifically designed for the investigation of adipocyte biology and function. These products enable researchers to explore the mechanisms underlying metabolic health and related diseases, facilitating advancements in understanding and treating conditions influenced by adipocyte activity.