The tongue is a mobile organ of the oral cavity. The tongue has several roles including chewing, phonation and swallowing. It is also the organ of taste. The tongue is very vascularized. The tongue is made up of 17 muscles, intrinsic and extrinsic, extremely vascularized, which are covered by a mucous membrane. The tongue has a sensitive, sensory and motor innervation. It is composed of 2 parts: the body which is the mobile and visible part and the root which is attached to the hyoid bone and the soft palate. The body of the tongue is composed of 2 sub-elements: the pharyngeal segment which is located at the bottom of the mouth and the buccal segment. The buccal segment is covered with papillae and attached to the floor of the mouth by the frenulum. The tongue has a major role in gustation thanks to the lingual papillae. Some of these papillae have taste receptors to distinguish the different flavors: sweet, salty, bitter, acid and umami.