The K562 cell line, originating from the bone marrow of a 53-year-old female with chronic myelogenous leukemia, serves as a cornerstone in various research fields such as immunology, tumor immunology, and immune system disorder research. Human K-562 cells are widely used in studies involving immune system interactions, particularly with effector cells like natural killer cells (NK). This is due to their unique characteristics, such as the expression of specific antigens that can be recognized by NK cells.

Exploring the interaction between NK cells and cancerous cell lines like K562 offers insights into immune defense mechanisms. NK cells' ability to recognize and respond to K562 cells varies with the presence of specific markers, which fluctuate throughout the K562 cell cycle.

K562 cells are characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, which results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, creating the BCR-ABL fusion gene. This fusion gene is not a normal ABL transcript but a mutated form that is constitutively active and leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Analyzing ABL transcripts in K562 cells sheds light on leukemia's molecular dynamics and immune evasion strategies.

K562 cells are crucial for understanding the cell cycle, particularly for analyzing cell cycle phases and distributions. This analysis is essential for evaluating the impact of ABL gene expression and the associated decrease in ABL fusion transcripts. Furthermore, K562 cells are valuable in assays assessing the cytotoxic effects of FGFR inhibitors and the activity of epigenetic enzymes, highlighting their significance in elucidating cell signaling pathways and the mechanisms of action of various therapeutic agents.

The versatility of K562 cells, ranging from their role in enzyme activity assays to their application in immunological studies with natural killer (NK) cells, emphasizes their widespread utility in the scientific realm. This adaptability highlights their significance in bridging the gap between fundamental research and translational medicine, playing a crucial role in advancing the fight against chronic myelogenous leukemia.